Shaped by governments’ industrial policy, cross-border capital flowing into Solar, Wind, Battery and Electric Vehicle manufacturing factories has dramatically reshaped the world economy over the 21st century.
| Technology | Projects | With capital data | Avg size* | Total | JVs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Battery | 314 | 252 (80%) | $888M | $223.7B | 82 |
| Solar | 271 | 180 (66%) | $258M | $46.4B | 53 |
| Wind | 202 | 150 (74%) | $92M | $13.8B | 22 |
| EV | 255 | 201 (79%) | $749M | $150.6B | 58 |
Each section is a moment you can move through time. Press play or drag the year slider to sweep 2001–2026, and use the four technology pills to focus on Solar, Wind, Battery or EV.
Values are foreign direct investment in US$ millions. 25% of projects (259 of 1042) are announced with value undisclosed. These read as $0 here, which is a gap in disclosure rather than a project without capital behind it. 974 of 1042 projects are manufacturing; the rest are R&D, design and logistics. Figures on this page count every activity and every year in the workbook. The working paper was written on an earlier release of this dataset, and works from 888 of 926 projects there: those announced 2000 to 2025, leaving out cancelled, paused and closed ones. On this release the same rule selects 963 of 1042.
Annual flows climbed from under $0.1B in the early 2000s to multi-billion-dollar peaks in the 2020s. Across the full period, battery ($223.7B) and EV ($150.6B) lead, ahead of solar ($46.4B) and wind ($13.8B).
Across all tracked projects, manufacturing represents about 91% of activity (721 of 794 projects), with smaller shares in R&D, design & testing and logistics.
| Company | HQ | Country | City | Activity | Year | US$m | Status | Operational | JV |
|---|
| Company | JV Partner(s) | Type | Country | Sector | Year | US$m |
|---|
The United States ($110.3B) is the largest single destination, followed by China ($32.8B), Hungary ($29.1B) and Canada ($17.5B). Both panels count built and under-construction value, and follow the technology pills and the year above them.
China originates about 39% of tracked cross-border investment; with South Korea (21%) and Japan (16%), three economies account for roughly three-quarters of all flows. The largest single corridors run from South Korea and Japan into the United States.
Since 2018, the United States (+118) and Indonesia (+46) have added the most projects against their own pre-2018 records, followed by Mexico (+33), Thailand (+29) and Vietnam (+25).